早期的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點認為供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)指將(jiang)采(cai)購的(de)(de)(de)(de)原材料(liao)和(he)收到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零部件，通過生(sheng)產(chan)轉換和(he)銷售等(deng)活動傳(chuan)遞到(dao)用戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)過程(cheng)。因此(ci)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)被視為企業內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)物(wu)流(liu)過程(cheng)，它所涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)物(wu)料(liao)采(cai)購、庫(ku)存(cun)、生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)分銷諸部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)能協調問題，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)為了(le)(le)(le)優化企業內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)業務流(liu)程(cheng)、降低物(wu)流(liu)成本，從(cong)而(er)提高經營效率。進(jin)入20世紀90年(nian)代，人們對供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)解又發生(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化：首先(xian)，由于需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，原來被排斥在(zai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)之外的(de)(de)(de)(de)用戶、消費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位(wei)得到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)前所未有的(de)(de)(de)(de)重視，從(cong)而(er)被納入了(le)(le)(le)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)。這樣，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)就(jiu)不再只是(shi)一(yi)(yi)條生(sheng)產(chan)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)了(le)(le)(le)，而(er)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)涵蓋了(le)(le)(le)整個(ge)產(chan)品運動過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)值鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商管理(li)，以(yi)建立(li)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)關系。茂名(ming)農產(chan)品供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)流(liu)程(cheng)

供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈（Supplychain）是(shi)指(zhi)生產(chan)及流通(tong)過(guo)程中，涉及將產(chan)品或服務提供(gong)給(gei)用(yong)戶活動的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)游(you)與下游(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)所(suo)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)網鏈結(jie)構(gou),即將產(chan)品從(cong)商家送到(dao)消費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)手(shou)中整(zheng)個鏈條。產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈是(shi)工業(ye)(ye)經濟的(de)(de)(de)命脈，產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈穩定暢通(tong)對工業(ye)(ye)經濟平穩運行(xing)至關重要。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈是(shi)指(zhi)圍繞關鍵企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，從(cong)配套零件(jian)開始，制成(cheng)(cheng)中間產(chan)品以及產(chan)品，由(you)銷(xiao)售網絡把產(chan)品送到(dao)消費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)手(shou)中的(de)(de)(de)，將供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商、制造商、分銷(xiao)商直到(dao)用(yong)戶連成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個整(zheng)體的(de)(de)(de)功能網鏈結(jie)構(gou)。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)經營理(li)念是(shi)從(cong)消費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)角度，通(tong)過(guo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)間的(de)(de)(de)協作(zuo)，謀(mou)求供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈整(zheng)體化(hua)。成(cheng)(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)能夠(gou)協調并(bing)整(zheng)合(he)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈中所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)活動，成(cheng)(cheng)為無縫連接的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)體化(hua)過(guo)程。肇(zhao)慶(qing)智能供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈成(cheng)(cheng)本是(shi)多(duo)少供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)需要進行(xing)倉(cang)儲管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，以實現(xian)庫存控(kong)制和物流協調。

在經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)全球(qiu)化(hua)日益(yi)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)如今，商(shang)業(ye)競爭(zheng)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)逐漸從(cong)公司(si)與公司(si)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)轉向了供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)與供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)水平和自動化(hua)效率已(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)成為(wei)獲得商(shang)業(ye)成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)定(ding)性因素(su)之(zhi)一(yi)。采(cai)購把東西買進來(lai)，生(sheng)產運營來(lai)增(zeng)值，物(wu)(wu)流(liu)配送(song)遞交(jiao)給客(ke)戶計劃作為(wei)關鍵職能(neng)，指導采(cai)購、運營和物(wu)(wu)流(liu)等(deng)，形成供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)，計劃是(shi)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅動器——績效貌(mao)似執行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果，其實是(shi)計劃出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由來(lai)；從(cong)產業(ye)層面看(kan)，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)是(shi)商(shang)品社會運轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質結(jie)構和基(ji)礎設施，近年(nian)來(lai)伴隨(sui)日益(yi)普及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)全球(qiu)化(hua)以及(ji)國家戰略(lve)層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)給側變革，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理呈現明(ming)顯而迫切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)趨勢。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)類型眾多，按照不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類標準(zhun)可分(fen)為不同(tong)類型：1、根據(ju)范圍不同(tong)劃(hua)(hua)分(fen)，1）內部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：指企(qi)業(ye)內部(bu)(bu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)所(suo)(suo)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)(de)采購部(bu)(bu)門、生產(chan)(chan)部(bu)(bu)門、倉儲部(bu)(bu)門、銷售部(bu)(bu)門等組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)網絡(luo)。（2）外(wai)部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：指企(qi)業(ye)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)(de)原材料供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)、生產(chan)(chan)廠商(shang)、儲運商(shang)、零售商(shang)以(yi)及消(xiao)(xiao)費者(zhe)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)網絡(luo)。內部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)(he)(he)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)共同(tong)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)了企(qi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)從原材料到(dao)成(cheng)品(pin)到(dao)消(xiao)(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。2、根據(ju)復雜程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度不同(tong)劃(hua)(hua)分(fen)，1）直接型供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、服(fu)務(wu)、資(zi)金和(he)(he)(he)信息(xi)(xi)在(zai)往上(shang)游(you)(you)(you)和(he)(he)(he)下(xia)游(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，由(you)公(gong)司、此(ci)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)和(he)(he)(he)此(ci)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶(hu)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。（2）擴展(zhan)型供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：把直接供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)和(he)(he)(he)直接客(ke)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶(hu)包(bao)含(han)在(zai)內，左右這些成(cheng)員均參與(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、服(fu)務(wu)、資(zi)金和(he)(he)(he)信息(xi)(xi)往上(shang)游(you)(you)(you)和(he)(he)(he)下(xia)游(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。（3）終端(duan)型供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：包(bao)括參與(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、服(fu)務(wu)、資(zi)金、信息(xi)(xi)從終端(duan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)到(dao)終端(duan)消(xiao)(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)有(you)往上(shang)游(you)(you)(you)和(he)(he)(he)下(xia)游(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)有(you)組(zu)(zu)織。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)需(xu)要進行物(wu)流(liu)(liu)管(guan)理(li)，以(yi)實現(xian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)效率和(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)本控制。

高(gao)效(xiao)的(de)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)可以幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)改善溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)，因為(wei)它可以幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)司(si)(si)更有(you)效(xiao)地協調其活動。通(tong)過對(dui)(dui)材料如何(he)流(liu)經供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)制定明(ming)確的(de)計劃，公(gong)司(si)(si)可以避免任何(he)可能影響溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)的(de)中(zhong)斷。此(ci)外，使用(yong)技術(shu)跟蹤貨(huo)物和監控庫(ku)(ku)存(cun)水平可以幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)確保(bao)材料在需要時(shi)可用(yong)，并確保(bao)產(chan)品(pin)按時(shi)交(jiao)付。總體而言，有(you)效(xiao)的(de)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)系統有(you)助(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)公(gong)司(si)(si)所有(you)成員之間(jian)更好(hao)的(de)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)。供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)不單單是將產(chan)品(pin)從(cong)A點(dian)送到B點(dian)。這也(ye)是為(wei)了在此(ci)過程(cheng)中(zhong)提供(gong)上(shang)好(hao)的(de)客(ke)戶服(fu)務(wu)。通(tong)過了解和管(guan)(guan)理(li)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)中(zhong)的(de)各個步驟，公(gong)司(si)(si)可以確保(bao)他(ta)們的(de)客(ke)戶始終(zhong)對(dui)(dui)他(ta)們收到的(de)產(chan)品(pin)和服(fu)務(wu)感到滿意。供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)需要考(kao)慮供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，如共(gong)享(xiang)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)、建立知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)庫(ku)(ku)等，提高(gao)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)水平和效(xiao)率。廣州(zhou)國際供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)公(gong)司(si)(si)流(liu)程(cheng)

國際(ji)貿易(yi)(yi)供(gong)應鏈(lian)哪家比(bi)較好？推(tui)薦世雙國際(ji)貿易(yi)(yi)！茂名農產(chan)品供(gong)應鏈(lian)流程(cheng)

供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)上下游(you)企業為(wei)了謀求各(ge)自(zi)收益(yi)大化，在單獨決(jue)策的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中確定的(de)(de)(de)產品價(jia)格高于其生產邊際成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)現象。如果下游(you)企業的(de)(de)(de)定價(jia)過(guo)高，必然會造成(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)場需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)萎縮，導致(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)總體(ti)收益(yi)下降。原因：企業個體(ti)利(li)益(yi)大化的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)和整(zheng)體(ti)利(li)益(yi)大化的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)不一致(zhi)(zhi)。沒有體(ti)現供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)共(gong)擔(dan)風險的(de)(de)(de)原則。影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)：如果不能很好解(jie)決(jue)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管理的(de)(de)(de)績效水平(ping)會大打折扣(kou)，進而(er)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)人們實施供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管理的(de)(de)(de)信心。方法：供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)契約（回購契約、收入(ru)共(gong)享契約、數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)折扣(kou)契約、小購買(mai)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)契約、數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)柔性契約；質量(liang)(liang)擔(dan)保(bao)契約）供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)契約的(de)(de)(de)作用：1.減少長鞭效應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang);2,實現供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)協調，消除雙(shuang)重邊際效應(ying)；3.增強供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)合作關系。茂(mao)名(ming)農(nong)產品供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)流程

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